Definition
The scheduled arrangement of working hours for employees, particularly in businesses that operate outside standard office hours. Common patterns include rotating shifts, fixed shifts, split shifts, and continental shift patterns covering 24/7 operations.
UK Context
Shift work must comply with the Working Time Regulations 1998, including maximum weekly hours, rest break requirements (20 minutes for shifts over 6 hours), and restrictions on night work (8 hours average in any 24-hour period). Health assessments must be offered to night workers.
Best Practices
- Give employees as much advance notice of shift patterns as possible, ideally at least two weeks
- Ensure shift rotas are fair and do not indirectly discriminate against employees with caring responsibilities
- Provide health surveillance for night workers and monitor the impact of shift work on wellbeing
Frequently Asked Questions
What rest breaks are shift workers entitled to?
Workers are entitled to a 20-minute rest break if working more than 6 hours, 11 consecutive hours of rest between shifts, and at least one uninterrupted 24-hour period off in each seven-day period or 48 hours in a 14-day period.
Are there special rules for night workers?
Yes, night workers should not work more than an average of 8 hours in each 24-hour period, calculated over a 17-week reference period. Employers must offer free health assessments to night workers and provide regular health surveillance.